OpenAI released a comprehensive research paper titled “How People Use ChatGPT,” authored by Aaron Chatterji, Tom Cunningham, David Deming, Zoë Hitzig, Christopher Ong, Carl Shan, and Kevin Wadman. The study analyzes the rapid adoption and usage patterns of ChatGPT, the world’s largest consumer chatbot, from its November 2022 launch through July 2025. By then, ChatGPT had amassed 700 million users—about 10% of the global adult population—sending 18 billion messages weekly, marking unprecedented technological diffusion.
Using a privacy-preserving automated pipeline, the researchers classified a representative sample of conversations from consumer plans (Free, Plus, Pro). Key findings show non-work-related messages growing faster than work-related ones, rising from 53% to over 70% of usage. Work messages, while substantial, declined proportionally due to evolving user behavior within cohorts rather than demographic shifts. This highlights ChatGPT’s significant impact on home production and leisure, potentially rivaling its productivity effects in paid work.
The paper introduces taxonomies to categorize usage. Nearly 80% of conversations fall into three topics: Practical Guidance (e.g., tutoring, how-to advice, ideation), Seeking Information (e.g., facts, current events), and Writing (e.g., drafting, editing, summarizing). Writing dominates work tasks at 40%, with two-thirds involving modifications to user-provided text. Contrary to prior studies, coding accounts for only 4.2% of messages, and companionship or emotional support is minimal (under 2%).
A novel “Asking, Doing, Expressing” rubric classifies intents: Asking (49%, seeking info/advice for decisions), Doing (40%, task performance like writing/code), and Expressing (11%, sharing views). At work, Doing rises to 56%, emphasizing generative AI’s output capabilities. Mapping to O*NET work activities, 58% involve information handling and decision-making, consistent across occupations, underscoring ChatGPT’s role in knowledge-intensive jobs.
Demographics reveal early male dominance (80%) narrowing to near parity by 2025. Users under 26 send nearly half of messages, with growth fastest in low- and middle-income countries. Educated professionals in high-paid roles use it more for work, aligning with economic value from decision support.
The study used LLM classifiers validated against public datasets, ensuring privacy—no humans viewed messages. Appendices detail prompts, validation (high agreement on key tasks), and a ChatGPT timeline, including models like GPT-5.
Overall, the paper argues ChatGPT enhances productivity via advice in problem-solving, especially for knowledge workers, while non-work uses suggest vast consumer surplus. As AI evolves, understanding these patterns informs its societal and economic impacts.